1. Overview: 2. Background: Automotive headlamps are crucial for nighttime safety and vehicle aesthetics. Historically, halogen and xenon bulbs were prevalent, but halogen bulbs are inefficient, generating significant heat, while xenon bulbs have slower ignition times. High-Power Light Emitting Diodes (HPLEDs) offer higher efficiency and longer lifespans, but their compact size leads to high junction
1. Overview: 2. Research Background: The increasing need to reduce CO2 and SO2 emissions due to climate change necessitates improvements in electric vehicle efficiency. While Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors are widely used in EVs due to their high power density, efficiency, and reliability, their operational lifespan is limited by high internal heat generation and
1. Overview: 2. Research Background: High-performance conductors are essential for economically and environmentally sustainable electricity transfer in modern infrastructure, manufacturing, and transportation, including electric vehicles. While copper has been the traditional conductor of choice, aluminum offers significant advantages in terms of cost and weight reduction for electricity transmission and distribution. Over 14% of global aluminum
1. Overview: 2. Research Background: Automotive headlamps are crucial for driver visibility, and LED lamps are gaining popularity due to their energy efficiency and long lifespan. However, the high heat generation of LED lamps can reduce their lifespan and efficiency. Existing water-cooled cooling plates and heat pipes offer superior cooling performance but are limited by
1. Overview: 2. Background: High-brightness white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are very promising in many new illumination applications. LED light sources offer advantages such as long lifespan, fast response speed, environmental friendliness (mercury-free), and a color temperature (5500K-6000K) closer to natural light than xenon sources (4000K). The increasing use of LEDs in automotive lighting (interior lights,
1. Overview: 2. Research Background: Induction Motor (IM) drives are a crucial technology in modern industry, powering various applications including material handling, food and beverage processing, and electric transportation systems like EVs and e-trucks. Recently, there’s a growing focus on high-efficiency IM drive systems to reduce energy and fuel consumption, aligning with global sustainability initiatives.
1. Overview: 2. Research Background: The increasing use of LEDs in automotive lighting systems presents a challenge due to heat generation from high-power LEDs, leading to performance degradation and reduced lifespan. Previous research identified factors affecting LED lifespan and analyzed heat transfer characteristics through heat sink design modifications. However, these studies lacked optimal cooling system
1. Overview: 2. Background: The paper begins by highlighting the increasing concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) since the 1900s, primarily due to the combustion of fossil fuels in internal combustion engines (ICEs). Transportation is a significant contributor to these emissions. Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) are presented as promising solutions to reduce
1. Overview: 2. Research Background: High-power LEDs are increasingly popular in various applications, offering advantages like long lifespan, high reliability, low energy consumption, fast response time, and color variability. However, their efficiency (15-25% power-to-light conversion) is limited, with over 80% of power dissipated as heat, leading to high junction temperatures. Maintaining junction temperatures below 120°C
1. Overview: 2. Research Background: The demand for heat sinks across various industries (e-mobility, telecommunications, electronics, etc.) is significantly increasing, along with stricter performance requirements. A primary requirement for heat sinks is high thermal conductivity. Pure aluminum exhibits excellent thermal conductivity (247 W/mK), but it’s challenging to cast and possesses low strength. Typical die-casting alloys