Advanced materials used in automotive industry-a review

This article introduces the paper ['Advanced materials used in automotive industry-a review'] published by ['AIP Publishing'].

1. Overview:

  • Title: Advanced materials used in automotive industry-a review
  • Author: Karthik Sivanur, K. V. Umananda, and Dayanand Pai
  • Publication Year: 2021
  • Publishing Journal/Academic Society: AIP Conference Proceedings
  • Keywords: Light weight, economic ampleness, carbon fiber, ergonomics and mechanical properties
FIGURE 1. Structure of graphitic crystals[3]
FIGURE 1. Structure of graphitic crystals[3]
FIGURE 2. Light Vehicle Metallic Material Trends, North America [12, 13]
FIGURE 2. Light Vehicle Metallic Material Trends, North America [12, 13]
FIGURE 3. Pie chart of Al consumption for automotive Industry in European countries. [23]
FIGURE 3. Pie chart of Al consumption for automotive Industry in European countries. [23]

2. Abstracts or Introduction

Abstract:
This review paper reveals about the lightweight materials impacting the economy, efficiency and the performance of the automobile. Carbon fiber and aluminum has a tendency to be a lighter material when contrasted with different metals like steel and has a more extensive scope of utilization in the automotive field. High quality steel materials can be recyclable which makes the material to be financially productive. Carbon fiber has high obstruction against destructiveness when contrasted and the ongoing materials utilized in the automotive industry. High quality steel materials are cost effective. The consistently developing enthusiasm for carbon fiber in vehicles is associated with the one of a kind arrangement of their properties. The utilization of carbon fiber in the structure of vehicles is impeded by two components, to be specific, the expense of fiber materials, or, in other words than that of different steels utilized in the car business, and the troubles in assembling auto bodies under the states of present day huge scale creation. Nonetheless, the proficiency of a structure ought not be assessed just regarding the expense of the material without considering different implies that give this productivity, i.e., hierarchical, operational, assembling, and plan ones.

INTRODUCTION
The creating enthusiasm for more eco-accommodating vehicles to diminish essentialness use and economy is a test for the auto business. The trademark properties of carbon fiber, top notch robustness to weight extent, incredible formability, extraordinary corrosion deterrent, and reusing potential make it the ideal plausibility to supplant heavier materials (steel or copper) in the auto business to respond to the weight diminish ask. Parts of material assurance and a creative thought of auto improvement using carbon fiber that help to meet money related and regular necessities and furthermore asks for overhauled driving comfort are inspected [3]. Carbon fiber amalgams made for the extending demands in higher quality and better formability for light weighting and crash esteem edges and the specific advances of carbon fiber semi things as castings parts of material decision and innovative thoughts of auto improvement using carbon fiber that help to meet fiscal and common necessities and likewise asks for enhanced driving comfort are inspected. carbon fiber amalgams made for the growing solicitations in higher quality and better formability for light weighting and crash esteem perspectives and the specific advances of Carbon fiber semi things as castings .Carbon fiber is in this way for the most part used metal in the auto business and can be subjected to various impact stacks and attempted[38]. Not simply in the considerable scale endeavors these are even used in the little scale organizations.[2,3]

3. Research Background:

Background of the Research Topic:

The automotive industry is facing increasing pressure to develop more eco-accommodating vehicles that reduce essentialness use and improve economy. This necessitates the exploration and adoption of lightweight materials.

Status of Existing Research:

Existing research has inspected material assurance and creative auto improvement using carbon fiber to meet money related and regular necessities, and to enhance driving comfort [3]. Studies have also focused on carbon fiber amalgams for higher quality, better formability, light weighting, and crash esteem edges. Specific advances in carbon fiber semi things as castings parts have been considered for material decision and innovative auto improvement, aiming to meet fiscal and common necessities and enhance driving comfort.

Necessity of the Research:

The research is necessary to address the weight diminish ask in the auto business by identifying and reviewing suitable lightweight materials that can supplant heavier materials like steel or copper. This shift is crucial for creating more eco-accommodating vehicles and meeting evolving industry demands.

4. Research Purpose and Research Questions:

Research Purpose:

This review paper aims to reveal insights into lightweight materials and their impact on the economy, efficiency, and overall performance of automobiles.

Key Research:

The key research areas include the investigation of:

  • Carbon fiber and aluminum as lighter alternatives to traditional materials like steel.
  • High quality steel materials, focusing on their recyclability and cost-effectiveness.
  • Magnesium as another lightweight material with potential in the automotive industry.

Research Hypotheses:

While not explicitly stated as hypotheses, the research implicitly explores the premise that utilizing lightweight materials such as carbon fiber, aluminum, high-quality steel, and magnesium can significantly contribute to:

  • Enhancing vehicle economy and efficiency.
  • Improving vehicle performance.
  • Reducing overall vehicle weight.
  • Maintaining or improving safety and structural integrity.

5. Research Methodology

Research Design:

This study employs a review paper design, synthesizing existing literature to provide a comprehensive overview of advanced materials in the automotive industry.

Data Collection Method:

The data collection method involves a thorough review of existing research papers, articles, and publications related to lightweight materials in automotive applications.

Analysis Method:

The analysis method is based on summarizing, synthesizing, and critically evaluating the information gathered from the reviewed literature to identify key trends, applications, and research gaps in the field of lightweight automotive materials.

Research Subjects and Scope:

The research focuses on lightweight materials relevant to the automotive industry. The scope encompasses:

  • Material Types: Carbon fiber, aluminum, magnesium, and high strength steels (AHSS).
  • Applications: Utilization of these materials in various automotive components and structures.
  • Performance Parameters: Impact of lightweight materials on vehicle weight, economy, efficiency, safety, and performance.

6. Main Research Results:

Key Research Results:

  • Carbon Fiber and Aluminum: These materials exhibit a tendency to be lighter than steel and offer a more extensive scope of utilization in the automotive field.
  • High Quality Steel Materials: These materials are noted for their recyclability, making them financially productive and cost-effective.
  • Carbon Fiber Properties: Carbon fiber demonstrates high obstruction against destructiveness compared to ongoing materials in the automotive industry and possesses a unique arrangement of properties that are consistently gaining enthusiasm in vehicle manufacturing.
  • AHSS Benefits: Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS) is most advantageous when used for security portions and fundamental parts of the auto body and skeleton, offering significant weight reduction.
  • Magnesium Contribution: Magnesium is recognized as a major material contributing to vehicle weight reduction and late progression in mass decline.
  • Aluminum Utilization Growth: Aluminum utilization in automotive applications has developed over 80% in the previous 5 years, indicating its increasing importance in the industry.

Analysis of presented data:

  • Table 1: "Global carbon fiber consumption [4-6,10]" - This table illustrates the global consumption trends of carbon fiber from 2000 to 2011, showing increasing adoption in Aeronautics and Aerospace, Industries, and Sporting Goods sectors.
  • Table 2: "Discussion of the carbon fiber and its application in automotive industry [1-10]" - This table details the properties of carbon fiber, its applications in automotive components like CRP Applications, Fabrication, and reinforced plastics/composites, and discusses the results and implications, highlighting its potential and challenges like cost.
  • Table 3: "Discussion of the High Strength steel and its application in automotive industry [13-20]" - This table examines High Strength Steel, focusing on properties like Evolution, Designing, Strength, and Formability, and its applications in automotive structures. The results emphasize its growing enthusiasm for security and its role as a future battling material.
  • Table 4: "Discussion of the Magnesium and its application in automotive industry [21-24]" - This table discusses Magnesium alloys, their design, manufacturing, weight, and safety aspects, and their applications in Chassis, Interior Panels, and Seats. The results point to business challenges and the need for effort in amassing, care, in-advantage execution, and cost.
  • Table 5: "Discussion of the Aluminium and its application in automotive industry [23-33]" - This table explores Aluminium and its alloys, focusing on Formability, Braze ability, Strength, and Corrosion, and its trends in automotive industry and experimental testing. The results indicate Aluminum's potential as a long-term danger to sheet steel and its suitability for various car applications.
  • FIGURE 1: "Structure of graphitic crystals[3]" - This figure visually represents the structure of graphitic crystals of carbon fiber.
  • FIGURE 2: "Light Vehicle Metallic Material Trends, North America [12, 13]" - This figure is a pie chart illustrating the trends in light vehicle metallic material usage in North America, showing the percentages of Aluminium and Magnesium, Mild Steel, Bake hardenable and medium HSS, Conventional HSS, and Advanced HSS.
  • FIGURE 3: "Pie chart of Al consumption for automotive Industry in European countries. [23]" - This figure presents pie charts comparing aluminum consumption in the automotive industry in European countries for 1994 and 2005, broken down by sheet, extrudate, cast, and forge.

Figure Name List:

  • FIGURE 1. Structure of graphitic crystals[3]
  • FIGURE 2. Light Vehicle Metallic Material Trends, North America [12, 13]
  • FIGURE 3. Pie chart of Al consumption for automotive Industry in European countries. [23]

7. Conclusion:

Summary of Key Findings:

The review concludes that the increasing demand for enhanced safety in automobiles necessitates higher quality materials, positioning Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS) as a crucial material in the automotive industry. AHSS, carbon fiber, magnesium, and aluminum are identified as key materials for improving automotive safety, efficiency, and reducing vehicle weight. Carbon fiber is highlighted as the most engaged material, with AHSS quickly adjusting to cost concerns through reduced material volumes. Steel remains central to the green economy, while magnesium offers a strategy for weight reduction and performance upgrade. Twofold phase and martensitic steels provide a blend of value, formability, and weld limit, making them suitable for body-in-white structural and security parts.

Academic Significance of the Study:

This study provides a comprehensive review of advanced materials and their applications in the automotive industry, contributing to the academic understanding of material science and engineering in automotive design. It consolidates findings from various studies, offering a valuable resource for researchers and experts in the field.

Practical Implications:

The findings offer practical guidance for material selection in automotive design and manufacturing. By highlighting the benefits and applications of lightweight materials like AHSS, carbon fiber, magnesium, and aluminum, the review aids engineers and manufacturers in making informed decisions to achieve lightweighting, improved vehicle performance, enhanced safety, and fuel efficiency.

Limitations of the Study and Areas for Future Research:

The paper does not explicitly detail limitations. However, areas for future research can be inferred from the future scope mentioned:

  • Further investigation into the cost-effectiveness and scalability of carbon fiber and magnesium in mass automotive production.
  • Continued research and development in AHSS to expand its applications and improve formability and weldability.
  • Exploration of novel aluminum alloys and processing techniques to enhance their performance in automotive structures.
  • Life cycle assessments and sustainability analyses of these advanced materials to ensure environmentally responsible automotive manufacturing.

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9. Copyright:

  • This material is "Karthik Sivanur, K. V. Umananda, and Dayanand Pai"'s paper: Based on "Advanced materials used in automotive industry-a review".
  • Paper Source: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0036149

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