Figure 12. (a) The as-printed structures that transmit only visible light with limited wavelength range due to upright grids (left) function as a structural colour filter, next is structures deformation at high temperature flattens the nanostructures (right) interpreting it colourless, where it remains in an invisible state after cooling to room temperature and finally a demonstration of 4D printing (shape morphing behvaiour) where heating recovers both colour of nanostructures and the original geometry at submicron level [139]; (b) Demonstration of energy absorbing 4D printed meta-sandwich structures: load cycles and shape recovery [140]; (C1-C2) Comparison of various gyroid and cubic Spinodal structure for various energy levels and subsequent shape recovery performance, (c2) Diamond structure at different energy levels and impact heights [141].

Figure 12. (a) The as-printed structures that transmit only visible light with limited wavelength range due to upright grids (left) function as a structural colour filter, next is structures deformation at high temperature flattens the nanostructures (right) interpreting it colourless, where it remains in an invisible state after cooling to room temperature and finally a demonstration of 4D printing (shape morphing behvaiour) where heating recovers both colour of nanostructures and the original geometry at submicron level [139]; (b) Demonstration of energy absorbing 4D printed meta-sandwich structures: load cycles and shape recovery [140]; (C1-C2) Comparison of various gyroid and cubic Spinodal structure for various energy levels and subsequent shape recovery performance, (c2) Diamond structure at different energy levels and impact heights [141].

Figure 12. (a) The as-printed structures that transmit only visible light with limited wavelength range due to upright grids (left) function as a structural colour filter, next is structures deformation at high temperature flattens the nanostructures (right) interpreting it colourless, where it remains in an invisible state after cooling to room temperature and finally a demonstration of 4D printing (shape morphing behvaiour) where heating recovers both colour of nanostructures and the original geometry at submicron level [139]; (b) Demonstration of energy absorbing 4D printed meta-sandwich structures: load cycles and shape recovery [140]; (C1-C2) Comparison of various gyroid and cubic Spinodal structure for various energy levels and subsequent shape recovery performance, (c2) Diamond structure at different energy levels and impact heights [141].

Figure 12. (a) The as-printed structures that transmit only visible light with limited wavelength range due to upright grids (left) function as a structural colour filter, next is structures deformation at high temperature flattens the nanostructures (right) interpreting it colourless, where it remains in an invisible state after cooling to room temperature and finally a demonstration of 4D printing (shape morphing behvaiour) where heating recovers both colour of nanostructures and the original geometry at submicron level [139]; (b) Demonstration of energy absorbing 4D printed meta-sandwich structures: load cycles and shape recovery [140]; (C1-C2) Comparison of various gyroid and cubic Spinodal structure for various energy levels and subsequent shape recovery performance, (c2) Diamond structure at different energy levels and impact heights [141].