重力アシスト熱交換器の設計と有機ランキンサイクルおよびLNGシステムにおける廃熱回収への応用

1. 概要:

  • 論文題名: Design of gravity assisted heat exchanger and its application on enhanced waste heat recuperation utilizing organic Rankine and LNG system
  • 著者: Rizvi Arefin Rinik, Naimul Islam, M. Monjurul Ehsan, Yasin Khan
  • 発行年: 2024
  • 発行雑誌/学会: International Journal of Thermofluids
  • キーワード: 廃熱、重力熱交換器、有機ランキンサイクル、複合サイクル、パラメトリック最適化

2. 研究背景:

世界的なエネルギー需要の高まりと化石燃料枯渇の問題を背景に、廃熱回収技術の重要性が増しています。従来の廃熱回収技術は、初期投資コストや廃熱源の温度制限、汚れによる目詰まりなどの課題を抱えています。本研究は、これらの課題を克服するため、重力を利用した革新的な熱交換器システムを提案し、有機ランキンサイクル（ORC）と液化天然ガス（LNG）サイクルを組み合わせることで、低品位廃熱からの効率的なエネルギー回収を目指しています。

3. 研究目的と研究問い:

  • 研究目的: 重力アシスト熱交換器とORC/LNG複合システムを用いた廃熱回収システムの設計、最適化、性能評価を行う。
  • 核心研究問い: 重力アシスト熱交換器の最適な動作パラメータは何か？ORC/LNG複合システムのエネルギー効率を最大化するにはどうすればよいか？経済的観点から見て、重力アシスト熱交換器は既存の熱交換器に比べて優れているか？
  • 研究仮説: 重力アシスト熱交換器は従来の熱交換器よりも効率的で経済的な廃熱回収を実現できる。ORC/LNG複合システムは、廃熱からのエネルギー回収をさらに向上させる。

4. 研究方法:

  • 研究設計: 重力アシスト熱交換器、ORCサイクル、LNGサイクルを統合したシステムの設計と数値シミュレーション。
  • データ収集方法: 既存の文献調査、数値解析、実験データを用いた検証。
  • 分析方法: 熱伝達解析、エネルギー効率試験、エクセルギー分析、パラメトリック最適化、経済性分析。
  • 研究対象と範囲: 繊維産業における熱設定機からの廃熱を対象とした数値シミュレーションと実験検証。

5. 主要な研究結果:

  • 核心的な発見: 重力アシスト熱交換器は、最適温度275℃～280℃、空気流量35kg/sにおいて、約52.3%の高い有効性を示した。ORCサイクルは、ペンタン質量流量3.3kg/sで最大効率36.8%を達成。コンデンサ圧力の増加により、ORCタービン出力は220kWから240kWに、LNGタービン出力は25kWから40kWに増加。経済性分析の結果、設計された重力アシスト熱交換器は、汚れた排ガスからの廃熱回収において経済的に実現可能であることが示された。ピンチ温度が7℃上昇すると、システムのエクセルギー効率は4.94%低下する。
  • 統計的/定性的分析結果: 様々な動作パラメータ（空気流量、排ガス温度、ORC作動流体、コンデンサ圧力など）に対するシステム性能の変化を数値シミュレーションと実験結果を用いて分析。
  • データ解釈: シミュレーション結果と実験結果を比較することで、モデルの妥当性を検証し、最適な動作パラメータを特定。
  • 図表リスト:
    • 図1：重力熱交換器の模式図、
    • 図2：設計された重力熱交換器の模式図、
    • 図3：統合ハイブリッドシステム図、
    • 図4：数値モデルの枠組み、
    • 図5：モデル検証結果、
    • 図6：伝熱係数と圧力降下、
    • 図7：伝熱量と熱交換器有効性、
    • 図8：ORCタービン入口圧力と発電出力、
    • 図9：ORCタービン入口温度とサイクル効率、
    • 図10：ORCコンデンサ圧力と発電出力、
    • 図11：ORCコンデンサ圧力とエクセルギー効率、
    • 図12：作動流体の影響、
    • 図13：熱源温度とエクセルギー効率、
    • 図14：ピンチ温度とシステム性能、
    • 図15：各構成要素におけるエクセルギー損失、
    • 図16：ORCタービン入口圧力とエクセルギー効率、
    • 図17：コンデンサ圧力とエクセルギー損失、
    • 図18：経済性分析、
    • 図19：経済性比較
Fig. 1. (a)Diagram of gravity heat pipe exchanger in setting machine, (b) Working mechanism of gravity heat pipe.
Fig. 1. (a)Diagram of gravity heat pipe exchanger in setting machine, (b) Working mechanism of gravity heat pipe.

6. 結論と考察:

本研究は、重力アシスト熱交換器とORC/LNG複合システムを用いた廃熱回収システムを提案し、その有効性と経済性を示しました。数値シミュレーションと実験検証により、システムの最適な動作パラメータを明らかにし、高いエネルギー回収効率と経済性を達成できることを確認しました。本システムは、特に低品位廃熱を有する繊維産業などの分野において、環境負荷低減とエネルギー効率向上に大きく貢献する可能性があります。ただし、本研究では特定の産業における廃熱を対象としているため、他の産業への適用可能性についてはさらなる検討が必要です。

7. 今後の研究:

  • 今後の研究方向: 様々な産業分野への適用可能性を検証、より複雑なシステムモデルの構築、より高精度な経済性分析、実験装置の改良による更なる検証。
  • 追加調査が必要な分野: 異なる作動流体、熱交換器構造、制御戦略などを検討し、システム性能のさらなる向上を目指す。

8. 参考文献要約:

論文中には、廃熱回収、有機ランキンサイクル、LNGサイクル、重力熱交換器、熱力学的最適化、経済性評価に関する多数の参考文献が引用されています。これらの文献は、本研究の基礎となる知見を提供しており、研究の妥当性を高めています。

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